Tapping home equity without triggering asset or income limits: the reverse mortgage can provide income and financial security for people 62 and over

Many people are surprised to learn that a person with a disability receiving SSI payments can own their own home. The home-owner exclusion can be the first step in building a more secure long-term financial future for oneself and one’s family. Generally there is a two thousand dollar asset limit (three thousand for married couples) for people receiving SSI, but this exclusion does allow for the owning of a home whether or not encumbered by any sort of mortgage.

For many people who find themselves “house rich but cash poor” the financial industry offers the reverse mortgage. Let’s say that we own our home free and clear. The reverse mortgage can provide monthly income payments, which would only need to be repaid upon the sale of the home or the death of the homeowner. Because this income is technically a loan and will have to be repaid, these dollars are not counted as income for purposes of SSI. Thus, where one’s home equity can support a monthly reverse mortgage payment of $500, there would be no adjustment to one’s monthly SSI check. 

Similarly, with regard to asset limits, SSI resource test provides that benefit recipients have no more than $2,000 ($3,000 for a couple) in countable assets one day out of the month. Were a homeowner to take a lump sum reverse mortgage payment of $6,000 in any given month and only spend $3,500 of this amount in the month in which it was received, putting the remaining amount ($2,500) in the bank, then he/she would no longer be eligible to receive SSI because after 30 days the $2,500 would become an asset and exceed the eligibility requirements.

A reverse mortgage is a sophisticated financial and benefits strategy which does not automatically disqualify a homeowner for SSI, but it is critical that the homeowner pay close attention to the timing and spending of any funds received. Below are the top 10 most frequently asked questions about the FHA HUD reverse mortgage product. Be sure to understand all the fees, interest rate and repayment provisions prior to signing any contract for any financial product. 

Frequently Asked Questions about HUD's Reverse Mortgages

The Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) is FHA's reverse mortgage program which enables you to withdraw some of the equity in your home. The HECM is a safe plan that can give older Americans greater financial security. Many seniors use it to supplement social security, meet unexpected medical expenses, make home improvements and more. You can receive additional free information about reverse mortgages in general by contacting the National Council on Aging at (800) 510-0301 or downloading their free booklet, "Use Your Home to Stay at Home," a guide for older homeowners who need help now. It's smart to know more about reverse mortgages, and decide if one is right for you!

1. What is a reverse mortgage?

A reverse mortgage is a special type of home loan that lets you convert a portion of the equity in your home into cash. The equity that built up over years of home mortgage payments can be paid to you, but unlike a traditional home equity loan or second mortgage, no repayment is required until the borrower(s) no longer uses the home as their principal residence or fails to meet the obligations of the mortgage. You can also use a HECM to purchase a primary residence if you are able to use cash on hand to pay the difference between the HECM proceeds and the sales price plus closing costs for the property you are purchasing.

2. Can I qualify for FHA's HECM reverse mortgage?

To be eligible for a FHA HECM, the FHA requires that you be a homeowner 62 years of age or older, own your home outright, or have a low mortgage balance that can be paid off at closing with proceeds from the reverse loan, and you must live in the home. You are also required to receive consumer information free or at very low cost from a HECM counselor prior to obtaining the loan. You can find a HECM counselor online or by phoning (800) 569-4287.

3. Can I apply if I didn't buy my present house with FHA mortgage insurance?

Yes. It doesn't matter if you didn't buy it with an FHA-insured mortgage. Your new FHA HECM will be FHA-insured.

4. What types of homes are eligible?

To be eligible for the FHA HECM, your home must be a single family home or a 1-4 unit home with one unit occupied by the borrower. HUD-approved condominiums and manufactured homes that meet FHA requirements are also eligible.

5. What's the difference between a reverse mortgage and a bank home equity loan?

With a traditional second mortgage or a home equity line of credit, you must have sufficient income versus debt ratio to qualify for the loan, and you are required to make monthly mortgage payments. The reverse mortgage is different in that it pays you, and is available regardless of your current income. The amount you can borrow depends on your age, the current interest rate, and the appraised value of your home, sales price or FHA's mortgage limits, whichever is less. Generally, the more valuable your home is, the older you are, the lower the interest, the more you may borrow.

With a HECM, you don't make monthly principal and interest payments, and the lender pays you according to the payment plan you select. Like all homeowners, you still are required to pay your real estate taxes, insurance and other conventional payments like utilities. With an FHA HECM you cannot be foreclosed or forced to vacate your house because you "missed your mortgage payment."

6. When does my loan become due and payable?

A HECM loan must be repaid in full when you die or sell the home. The loan also becomes due and payable if:

• You do not pay property taxes or hazard insurance or violate other obligations.
• You permanently move to a new principal residence.
• You, or the last borrower, fail to live in the home for 12 months in a row. An example of this situation would be if you (or the last borrower) were to have a 12-month or longer stay in a nursing home.
• You allow the property to deteriorate and do not make necessary repairs.

7. Will I still have an estate that I can leave to my heirs?

When you sell your home, you or your estate will repay the cash you received from the reverse mortgage plus interest and other fees, to the lender. The remaining equity in your home, if any, belongs to you or to your heirs.

8. How much money can I get from my home?

The amount you can borrow depends on:

• Age of the youngest borrower
• Current interest rate
• Lesser of the appraised value of your home and the HECM FHA mortgage limit for your area or the sales price
• The initial Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) option you choose (2% HECM Standard option or .01% HECM Saver option)

You can borrow more with the HECM Standard option. Also, the more valuable your home is, the older you are, and the lower the interest rate, the more you can borrow. If there is more than one borrower, the age of the youngest borrower is used to determine the amount you can borrow. For an estimate of HECM cash benefits, select an online calculator from the HECM Home Page. You can use an online calculator like the one on the AARP website to get an idea of what you may be able to borrow.

9. Should I use an estate planning service to find a reverse mortgage?

FHA does NOT recommend using any service that charges a fee for referring a borrower to an FHA lender. FHA provides this information free, and HECM housing counselors are available for free or at very low cost to provide information, counseling, and a free referral to a list of FHA-approved lenders. Search online or call (800) 569-4287 toll-free, for the name and location of a HUD-approved housing counseling agency near you.

10. How do I receive my payments?

You have five options:

• Tenure - equal monthly payments as long as at least one borrower lives and continues to occupy the property as a principal residence.
• Term - equal monthly payments for a fixed period of months selected.
• Line of Credit - unscheduled payments or installments, at times and in amounts of your choosing until the line of credit is exhausted.
• Modified Tenure - combination of line of credit with monthly payments for as long as you remain in the home.
• Modified Term - combination of line of credit plus monthly payments for a fixed period of months selected by the borrower.